Rain Gear for Jet Ski Fishing: High-Speed PWC Angling Protection
Rain Gear for Jet Ski Fishing: High-Speed PWC Angling Protection
Jet ski fishing rain gear must protect against high-velocity water spray at speeds exceeding 30-50 mph while providing unrestricted mobility for casting and fish fighting. Unlike traditional boat fishing apparel, personal watercraft anglers need professional-grade rain gear with reinforced seams, secure zippered pockets, and quick-drying materials that withstand constant exposure to wind-driven moisture. The best waterproof jackets for PWC fishing combine three-layer construction with articulated cuts that maintain protection during aggressive maneuvering.
Key Takeaways
- High-speed PWC fishing requires rain gear rated for sustained 40+ mph wind and spray exposure
- Secure zippered pockets and reinforced stress points prevent gear loss during acceleration and sharp turns
- Quick-dry fabrics designed for marine environments outperform standard waterproof materials by 300%
- Articulated sleeves and gusseted shoulders enable full casting range without compromising waterproof integrity
- Storm-flap closures and adjustable cuffs create critical seal zones that traditional boat fishing gear neglects
Understanding the Unique Challenges of Jet Ski Fishing
Personal watercraft fishing represents one of the most demanding environments for protective clothing. When you're running across open water at 40 mph to reach distant structure, even light rain transforms into stinging horizontal projectiles. The combination of speed, spray from wave impacts, and constant motion creates conditions that destroy conventional rain gear within a single season.
Traditional boat anglers can seek shelter in a cabin or under a T-top. Kayak fishermen move slowly enough that standard paddling jackets provide adequate protection. Jet ski anglers operate in a middle ground where speeds generate tremendous force against fabric while the exposed riding position eliminates any protective barriers.
The physical demands extend beyond waterproofing. Jet ski fishing requires constant balance adjustments, aggressive casting motions, and quick movements to manage fish while controlling the watercraft. Rain gear that restricts shoulder mobility or creates pressure points during prolonged sitting becomes intolerable. The jacket must function as a second skin—completely protective yet essentially invisible during use.
Wind resistance creates another critical factor. At high speeds, loose-fitting rain gear catches air and creates drag that pulls at seams and stress points. This constant buffeting weakens attachment points for hoods, destroys standard zipper systems, and causes fabric delamination in poorly constructed garments. Quality waterproof fishing jackets address these forces through strategic pattern design and reinforcement placement.
Critical Features for High-Speed Watercraft Protection
Three-Layer Waterproof Construction
The waterproofing system determines whether gear survives harsh PWC conditions. Entry-level two-layer construction bonds the waterproof membrane directly to the outer shell fabric. This works adequately for casual use but fails under sustained high-speed exposure. The membrane requires protection from abrasion, and two-layer systems provide insufficient barrier.
Three-layer construction laminates the waterproof membrane between the outer shell and a protective inner lining. This architecture distributes stress across three distinct layers, preventing point loading that causes membrane failure. When spray hits at 45 mph, the outer shell absorbs initial impact, the membrane blocks moisture penetration, and the inner layer protects the membrane from body oils and friction wear.
Premium rain gear incorporates breathable membranes that allow moisture vapor to escape while blocking liquid water. This becomes essential during high-exertion activities like fighting large fish or running the jet ski aggressively. Without breathability, condensation builds inside the jacket and defeats the waterproofing purpose.
Reinforced High-Stress Zones
Jet ski fishing creates predictable failure points that quality manufacturers address through strategic reinforcement. Shoulder zones experience tremendous stress during casting. Each overhead cast generates force that pulls against armhole seams and shoulder yokes. Standard recreational rain jackets use basic straight seams that tear under repetitive loading.
Professional-grade construction employs double-stitched and taped seams in shoulder zones. Many manufacturers add fabric overlays at stress concentration points, essentially doubling the material thickness where forces peak. This redundancy means when the first layer begins showing wear, the second layer continues providing protection.
Pocket areas require similar attention. Standard patch pockets with single-stitch attachment points rip away when tools, phones, or tackle boxes shift during acceleration. Secure zippered pockets with reinforced attachment perimeters prevent gear loss and maintain jacket integrity. The pocket zipper itself must feature a protective storm flap that prevents water intrusion at high speeds.
Lower hem and cuff areas face constant friction against life jackets, seat surfaces, and control grips. Reinforced binding at these edges prevents fraying and extends garment lifespan. Adjustable cuff systems with hook-and-loop closures or elastic inserts create water-tight seals that adapt to varying glove types and arm positions.
Mobility-Focused Pattern Design
The pattern cut determines whether rain gear facilitates or hinders fishing performance. Standard jacket patterns assume relatively static arm positions. Fishing demands 180-degree shoulder rotation during overhead casts, full extension during long pitches, and sustained raised-arm positions while working topwater lures.
Articulated sleeve patterns incorporate extra fabric panels that follow natural arm movement. When you raise your arm, traditional sleeves pull the entire jacket upward, exposing your lower back and creating gaps at the waist. Articulated designs allow the sleeve to rotate independently, maintaining coverage throughout the full range of motion.
Gusseted underarms provide additional expansion capacity. During aggressive casting, the shoulder joint requires extra room as the arm moves away from the body. Underarm gussets—typically diamond-shaped fabric inserts—create this space without adding bulk during normal riding positions. This targeted expansion prevents the binding and restriction that causes anglers to remove jackets despite wet conditions.
Action backs add pleats or expansion panels across the shoulder blades. These features accommodate the forward reach required for controlling jet ski handlebars while simultaneously maintaining the upright posture needed for effective casting. Without action backs, jackets pull tight across the shoulders and create fatigue during extended trips.
Material Technology for Marine Environments
Standard waterproof fabrics perform adequately in intermittent rain exposure but fail when subjected to continuous saltwater spray. Marine environments demand materials specifically engineered for sustained moisture contact, UV exposure, and salt crystal abrasion.
Nylon-based outer shells provide superior tear resistance compared to polyester alternatives. When you're operating at high speeds, the jacket may contact sharp edges on rod holders, tackle boxes, or the watercraft itself. Nylon's inherent toughness resists punctures and tears that would compromise waterproofing. The trade-off involves slightly slower drying times, but the durability advantage far exceeds this minor inconvenience.
Quick-drying capability becomes crucial for jet ski anglers who may get soaked early in the trip and need the gear to recover during subsequent dry periods. Advanced synthetic fabrics shed water rather than absorbing it. When spray stops, surface tension causes water to bead and roll off rather than soaking into the material structure.
DWR (Durable Water Repellent) treatments on the outer shell fabric enhance this shedding behavior. Fresh DWR creates a microscopic texture that prevents water adhesion. Over time and with heavy use, DWR effectiveness diminishes. Quality garments maintain DWR longer through superior application processes, but all waterproof gear eventually requires treatment renewal.
Salt resistance determines long-term performance in marine applications. Saltwater leaves crystalline deposits as it evaporates. These microscopic crystals act like sandpaper, abrading fabric surfaces and degrading waterproof coatings. Marine-specific materials incorporate anti-salt treatments that resist crystal formation and facilitate complete rinsing.
Pocket Systems and Storage Solutions
Personal watercraft fishing requires carrying essential items while maintaining streamlined profiles. Unlike boats with rod lockers and storage compartments, jet ski anglers must carry tools, tackle, phones, and safety equipment on their person. The pocket system makes or breaks gear functionality.
Chest pockets provide easiest access while seated. High-quality rain gear sets position these pockets within natural reach without requiring significant position changes. Internal waterproof pockets protect electronics and documents from moisture intrusion. These sealed compartments typically use welded seams rather than stitching to eliminate potential leak points.
Fleece-lined pockets in the hand-warmer position serve dual purposes. During cold conditions, they provide warmth for bare hands between fishing presentations. The soft lining prevents damage to phone screens and sunglasses. Positioning these pockets slightly forward allows access without interfering with life jacket straps or tool belts.
Lower cargo pockets offer expanded storage but require careful design for PWC applications. Pockets that extend too far create wind resistance and catch on seat edges during mounting and dismounting. Shallow, streamlined cargo pockets with compression straps prevent contents from shifting during acceleration while maintaining clean aerodynamics.
Attachment points for accessory integration expand jacket functionality. D-rings sewn into reinforced patches support tool lanyards, fish grips, and safety whistles. These hard points distribute load across larger fabric areas rather than concentrating stress at single points. Anglers can customize their setup while maintaining secure attachment.
Fit Considerations for PWC Fishing
Proper fit balances protection with mobility and accounts for underlying layers. Jet ski fishing often occurs in transitional weather when temperatures and conditions fluctuate throughout the day. The rain jacket must accommodate thin base layers during warm conditions and bulky insulation during cold snaps.
Length affects both coverage and riding position comfort. Jackets that extend below the hip provide excellent protection while standing but bunch uncomfortably when seated on the jet ski. Shorter lengths sacrifice some coverage but eliminate the pressure points and restricted movement that longer cuts create.
Most PWC anglers prefer jacket lengths that fall just below the belt line. This provides adequate overlap with rain bibs or pants while avoiding excess fabric accumulation. When combined with adjustable hem drawcords, this length creates effective weather sealing without the riding-up problems of longer designs.
Sleeve length requires similar balance. Sleeves that end exactly at the wrist bone allow proper glove overlap without excess material bunching inside the glove cuff. Too short, and gaps expose skin to spray. Too long, and the extra fabric restricts grip and creates binding during casting motions.
The collar height determines head mobility and hood integration. Stand-up collars that extend to chin level provide excellent wind blocking but can interfere with peripheral vision when looking over your shoulder to check for boat traffic. Slightly lower collar profiles maintain protection while preserving unrestricted head movement.
Hood Design for High-Speed Conditions
Hoods face tremendous aerodynamic forces during high-speed operation. Standard rain jacket hoods collapse against the face or blow backward off the head when traveling at 40 mph. Effective PWC fishing hoods incorporate structural elements that maintain shape and position regardless of wind speed.
Reinforced brims create the first line of defense. A semi-rigid visor sewn into the hood's front edge prevents collapse while directing water away from the face. The brim must extend far enough to provide meaningful protection without creating so much surface area that wind catches and pulls the hood backward.
Multi-point adjustment systems allow custom fitting that resists wind forces. Rear drawcords cinch the hood opening to match head size, preventing the hood from catching air and pulling off. Front adjusters position the face opening for optimal visibility while maintaining weather protection. Side adjusters create a three-dimensional fit that conforms to head shape.
Roll-away hood storage provides flexibility for changing conditions. When weather clears or you're running in calm conditions, the ability to stow the hood prevents flapping and noise. Quality designs use snap closures or hidden zippered pouches that secure the hood completely out of the way. This prevents the hood from deploying unexpectedly during high-speed maneuvers.
Hood volume affects helmet and hat compatibility. Some anglers prefer wearing ball caps under the hood for additional sun protection. Others use communication headsets or hearing protection. The hood must accommodate these items without becoming so voluminous that it catches wind excessively.
Ventilation Systems for Active Fishing
High-output fishing activity generates significant body heat and moisture. Without adequate ventilation, internal condensation creates the same discomfort that rain would cause. The ventilation system must allow moisture escape without permitting water intrusion.
Underarm vents provide primary ventilation in the highest sweat-production zone. Two-way zippers allow opening the vents from the bottom or top, enabling airflow adjustment based on conditions. Mesh-backed vents prevent direct water entry while allowing vapor escape. Storm flaps over the vent openings add another layer of weather protection.
Back vents release heat that rises from the core during exertion. Positioned across the shoulder blade area, these vents access the warmest microclimate layer. Many designs use a flap system that creates a one-way valve effect—body heat pushes the flap outward for ventilation, but external water pressure closes the flap to prevent intrusion.
Pit zips offer maximum ventilation when conditions allow. Full-length zippers extending from waist to armpit dump tremendous heat quickly. This proves valuable when running the jet ski in warm conditions then immediately fishing hard upon arrival. The ability to rapidly regulate temperature prevents the cooling-sweat-chill cycle that creates discomfort.
Ventilation placement must account for life jacket wear. PWC operation requires Coast Guard-approved flotation. The life jacket covers significant torso area and blocks some ventilation paths. Effective rain jacket ventilation systems position openings where they remain accessible and functional despite life jacket overlap.
Color Selection and Visibility
Visibility determines safety in congested waterways. Bright colors help other boaters see you from distance, particularly in low-light conditions or reduced visibility weather. While camouflage patterns appeal to some anglers, they create significant safety risks in the PWC environment.
Safety orange and bright yellow provide maximum visibility across the widest range of conditions. These high-visibility colors remain apparent in fog, rain, and low sun angles. For anglers who fish heavily trafficked areas or operate during dawn and dusk periods, visibility colors significantly reduce collision risk.
Reflective trim adds another visibility layer for night fishing or emergency situations. Retroreflective strips sewn into shoulders, arms, and back panels catch searchlight and spotlight beams. This allows rescue personnel or other boaters to locate you quickly if situations deteriorate.
Darker colors show less dirt and salt residue but sacrifice visibility. Many anglers prefer darker jackets for aesthetic reasons but should supplement with bright-colored life jackets or add aftermarket reflective strips. The combination maintains acceptable visibility while allowing personal preference in jacket color.
Color fastness in marine environments determines long-term appearance. UV exposure and salt contact fade most colors over time. Quality materials resist fading through UV-stabilized dyes and salt-resistant finishes. Even with these protections, bright colors will eventually soften, but well-made garments maintain recognizable color for multiple seasons.
Durability Factors for Long-Term Performance
Jet ski fishing gear faces accelerated wear compared to conventional boat fishing equipment. The constant vibration, high-speed impacts with spray, and frequent exposure to saltwater create a hostile environment that tests every component.
Zipper quality determines whether jackets remain functional beyond the first season. YKK Aquaguard zippers represent the industry standard for waterproof applications. These zippers incorporate water-repellent coatings on the zipper teeth and use specialized slider designs that create weather-tight seals. Cheaper zippers corrode in saltwater, jam from salt crystal accumulation, and allow water intrusion through tooth gaps.
Seam construction method affects waterproof integrity and structural strength. Taped seams use waterproof tape bonded over stitching lines to seal needle holes. Welded seams eliminate stitching entirely, using heat or ultrasonic energy to fuse fabric layers. Welded construction provides superior waterproofing but requires more sophisticated manufacturing equipment, increasing cost.
Hardware selection impacts reliability in corrosive environments. Plastic components resist saltwater better than metal alternatives but may crack during cold-weather use or break under impact. Stainless steel or corrosion-resistant alloys provide durability but require regular rinsing to prevent salt buildup. Quality manufacturers match hardware material to specific stress levels and exposure patterns.
Backing your investment with a solid lifetime warranty provides peace of mind when purchasing premium rain gear. Manufacturers confident in their construction quality stand behind products with comprehensive coverage that addresses manufacturing defects and premature wear.
Layering Strategies Under Rain Gear
The rain jacket represents the outer protective shell in a complete layering system. Understanding how to layer beneath the jacket optimizes comfort across varying conditions while maintaining the mobility jet ski fishing demands.
Base layers manage moisture next to skin. Synthetic fabrics or merino wool move sweat away from the body while maintaining warmth when damp. Cotton base layers become saturated, lose insulating value, and create the clammy discomfort that ruins fishing trips. The base layer should fit snugly without restricting movement.
Mid-layers provide insulation during cold conditions. Fleece or synthetic insulated jackets trap warm air while maintaining breathability. The mid-layer thickness depends on expected temperatures and personal cold tolerance. Jet ski operation generates significant wind chill, so account for effective temperatures 10-15 degrees below ambient readings.
The layering system must fit within the rain jacket without creating restriction or excessive bulk. Purchase rain jackets one size larger than your typical size if you regularly fish in cold conditions requiring substantial insulation. The extra room accommodates layers without binding during casting motions.
Compression layers under the rain jacket can reduce bulk while maintaining warmth. These fitted insulating garments minimize air gaps that create convective heat loss. The trade-off involves slightly reduced insulation value compared to loftier alternatives, but the improved mobility often justifies this compromise for active PWC fishing.
Maintenance and Care for Extended Lifespan
Proper care dramatically extends rain gear lifespan and maintains performance. Saltwater environments accelerate degradation, but consistent maintenance protocols prevent premature failure and preserve waterproof integrity.
Rinsing after every saltwater exposure represents the single most important maintenance step. Fresh water dissolves salt crystals before they can abrade fabric or corrode hardware. Pay particular attention to zippers, where salt accumulation causes binding and prevents smooth operation. A quick rinse takes minutes but adds years to gear life.
Washing waterproof gear requires specific protocols. Use technical fabric detergents that clean without leaving residues that interfere with breathability. Standard laundry detergents contain additives that clog waterproof membrane pores and reduce vapor transmission. Avoid fabric softeners entirely—they destroy DWR treatments and compromise waterproofing.
DWR treatment renewal restores water-shedding performance when beading diminishes. Spray-on or wash-in treatments reestablish the hydrophobic surface coating. Apply treatments to clean, dry garments and heat-activate according to product instructions. Proper DWR maintenance keeps the outer fabric from "wetting out" and maintains breathability.
Storage conditions affect gear longevity. Ensure jackets are completely dry before storage to prevent mildew and material degradation. Store in cool, dry locations away from direct sunlight. Avoid compressing the jacket long-term—compressed storage can damage waterproof coatings. Hang jackets on wide hangers that support shoulders without creating stress points.
Safety Equipment Integration
Personal watercraft operation requires specific safety equipment that rain gear must accommodate. The integration between protective clothing and safety gear determines overall system effectiveness.
Life jackets represent the most critical integration challenge. Coast Guard regulations require approved flotation while operating PWCs. The rain jacket must fit over the life jacket without creating excessive bulk or restricting access to safety features. Look for jackets with adequate chest room and adjustable waist systems that cinch below the life jacket for a clean fit.
Kill switch lanyards attach to the operator and stop the engine if you fall off the watercraft. The attachment point—typically on your wrist or life jacket—must remain accessible and functional when wearing rain gear. Some jackets incorporate dedicated lanyard attachment points with reinforced construction to prevent accidental detachment.
Emergency whistles, signal devices, and communication equipment require accessibility despite weather protection. External D-rings and webbing loops on rain jackets provide secure attachment for these items. Position emergency gear where you can access it quickly with cold, wet hands—typically chest-high on the jacket front.
Reflective elements aid rescue efforts if emergencies occur in reduced visibility. While mentioned earlier for collision avoidance, retroreflective materials also help rescue personnel locate you if you become separated from your watercraft. Position reflective elements on shoulders, arms, and back for 360-degree visibility.
Seasonal Considerations and Temperature Range
Jet ski fishing seasons vary by region, creating different rain gear requirements. A single jacket may not adequately serve both spring and fall conditions, particularly in areas with extreme seasonal variation.
Spring fishing often occurs in cold water conditions with air temperatures ranging from 40-60°F. Rain gear for these conditions should accommodate substantial insulation layers. Neoprene cuffs provide excellent water sealing and added warmth. Longer jacket lengths offer additional coverage but should be balanced against seated comfort.
Summer fishing reduces insulation needs but increases breathability requirements. Lightweight rain jackets with maximum ventilation prevent overheating during humid conditions. Some anglers prefer rain bibs with minimal tops during warm weather, focusing protection on the lower body and core.
Fall conditions combine cooling air temperatures with still-warm water. This transitional period requires versatile gear that adapts to changing conditions throughout the day. Jackets with removable liners or extensive ventilation options provide the flexibility these conditions demand.
Winter PWC fishing in ice-free regions needs maximum protection. Combined rain and wind protection with substantial insulation creates comfortable operation in temperatures down to freezing. Some anglers transition to dedicated float suits during the coldest periods, accepting reduced mobility for maximum thermal protection.
Comparison Shopping and Value Assessment
Rain gear pricing varies dramatically, from $50 big-box store specials to $500+ premium fishing jackets. Understanding the value equation helps identify gear that delivers performance without unnecessary expense.
Entry-level options typically use two-layer construction with basic features. These jackets work adequately for occasional use or mild conditions but fail under sustained high-speed exposure. Zippers corrode quickly, seams leak after minimal use, and fabric abrasion becomes apparent within the first season.
Mid-range options in the $150-250 range generally provide three-layer construction with improved features. This price point delivers functional rain protection with adequate durability for regular jet ski fishing. Look for known brands with proven marine product lines rather than generic outdoor companies entering the fishing market.
Premium jackets above $300 incorporate advanced materials, extensive feature sets, and superior construction. The performance gains justify premium pricing for serious anglers who fish frequently in harsh conditions. However, diminishing returns begin above $400—ultra-premium pricing often reflects brand marketing rather than measurable performance improvements.
Value assessment should consider cost per use rather than absolute price. A $200 jacket that lasts five seasons costs $40 per year. A $75 jacket that fails after one season represents poor value despite lower initial cost. Calculate expected longevity based on construction quality and warranty coverage.
Frequently Asked Questions
What makes jet ski fishing rain gear different from regular fishing jackets?
Jet ski fishing rain gear must withstand sustained high-speed wind and spray forces that regular fishing jackets never encounter. Standard boat fishing jackets face intermittent rain exposure at low speeds, while PWC gear handles 40+ mph wind-driven moisture constantly. This requires reinforced seams, secure pocket closures, and articulated patterns that maintain protection during aggressive riding positions. Additionally, PWC gear must remain streamlined to reduce wind resistance and eliminate the loose fabric that catches air and creates dangerous drag at high speeds.
Can I use the same rain jacket for jet ski fishing and regular boat fishing?
Quality rain jackets designed for PWC fishing excel at conventional boat fishing, but the reverse isn't true. Jet ski fishing demands represent the more extreme application, so gear meeting these requirements easily handles standard boat fishing needs. However, jackets designed only for boat fishing lack the reinforcement, secure closures, and aerodynamic features necessary for safe, comfortable jet ski operation. If you fish from both platforms, invest in PWC-rated gear that serves dual purposes rather than compromising safety with inadequate equipment.
How important are secure zippered pockets for PWC fishing?
Secure zippered pockets are absolutely critical—standard patch pockets will lose contents during high-speed acceleration and sharp turns. The forces generated during aggressive PWC operation easily overcome friction-based pocket closures. Tools, phones, and tackle that fall out become not only lost but potential safety hazards if they interfere with watercraft operation. Waterproof zippered pockets with storm flaps protect contents from moisture intrusion while preventing loss. Many anglers learn this lesson expensively after losing phones or GPS units from inadequate pockets.
What's the ideal rain jacket length for jet ski fishing?
The optimal length falls just below the belt line, providing adequate coverage overlap with pants or bibs without creating excess fabric that bunches during seated operation. Jackets extending to mid-thigh offer maximum coverage while standing but create significant discomfort when seated on the PWC for extended periods. The bunched fabric creates pressure points, restricts leg movement, and allows water to pool in the gathered material. Shorter lengths sacrifice minimal coverage while dramatically improving comfort and mobility during the seated riding position that dominates jet ski fishing.
Do I need a hood on my rain jacket for PWC fishing?
A properly designed hood provides valuable protection during heavy rain or high-speed spray exposure, but the hood must include structural reinforcement and multi-point adjustment to remain functional at speed. Standard hoods collapse against your face or blow backward at 40 mph, creating more nuisance than protection. Look for hoods with reinforced brims and three-point adjustment systems that maintain position regardless of wind speed. Roll-away hood storage allows you to stow the hood when not needed, preventing flapping and noise during calm conditions.
How often should I replace DWR treatment on my rain jacket?
Reapply DWR treatment when water stops beading on the fabric surface and instead soaks into the outer shell. For jet ski anglers fishing saltwater environments regularly, this typically occurs every 15-20 uses or at the start of each season. Frequent rinsing to remove salt accelerates DWR degradation, but the maintenance remains necessary to prevent salt damage. Heat reactivation in a dryer can temporarily restore DWR performance between chemical treatments. Watch for "wetting out"—when the outer fabric becomes saturated—as the primary indicator that DWR renewal is needed.
What's the best color for jet ski fishing rain gear from a safety perspective?
Bright safety orange or yellow provides maximum visibility across the widest range of conditions, significantly reducing collision risk in congested waterways. These high-visibility colors remain apparent in fog, rain, heavy overcast, and low sun angles when other colors blend into the background. While camouflage patterns appeal aesthetically, they create genuine safety risks in the PWC environment where high-speed collisions can occur. If you prefer darker colors for dirt resistance or appearance, supplement with bright-colored life jackets and add retroreflective strips to improve visibility.
Should rain gear for jet ski fishing include ventilation systems?
Yes, comprehensive ventilation is essential for comfort during active fishing. Underarm zips, back vents, and pit zips allow heat and moisture escape during high-exertion activities without removing the jacket entirely. Without adequate ventilation, internal condensation from sweat creates the same discomfort external rain would cause, defeating the waterproofing purpose. The ventilation must be strategically positioned to remain accessible and functional despite life jacket overlap. Quality ventilation systems use storm flaps and mesh backing to prevent water intrusion while allowing vapor escape.